political leaders chose to utilize regionalism as their election strategy or campaign vehicles. Each party created by the two leaders saw regional cleavage as a strong resource they could mobilize in order to gain support and win the 13th presidential election. All efforts were exerted to gain votes from each provinces and this election created the base for the regional cleavage to root deeply in
political leaders chose to utilize regionalism as their election strategy or campaign vehicles. Each party created by the two leaders saw regional cleavage as a strong resource they could mobilize in order to gain support and win the 13th presidential election. All efforts were exerted to gain votes from each provinces and this election created the base for the regional cleavage to root deeply in
Introduction
Significant difference of party preference
Yeongnam vs. Honam region case
: strong ties with specific party
Other regions case: different dimension
“Is major social cleavage changing in Korea?”
Regional, Generation, and Ideology Cleavage
: major cleavages in Korean society
Theoretical Basis
Lipset & Rokkan: Social cleavages affect party system
Part
Parties and party system
Both the Netherlands and Belgium have complex multi-party systems
Both use proportional representation that smaller parties can enter parliament
Cleavages in parties
Religion
significant but slowly diminishing
Class and ideology
separated liberals and social democrats
Emerging cleavages
anti-immigrants and anti-European sentiment
The aforementioned situation was the context in which Stupak confronted in pursing his pro-life objectives. The main source of the crucial leverage Stupak and his dozen allies were able to exert was the thin margin of victory for the health care reform. The House version (H.R. 3962) of health reform which included the Stupak-Pitts Amendment passed in the House only by a margin of 5 votes in Novem
and future directions for its study.
Regionalism in Korea
Name
Year
Cholla
Kyongsang
Kim Dae-Jung
1987
87%
3%
1992
89%
9%
1997
93%
12%
Kim Young-Sam
1987
3%
-
1992
5%
69%
Lee Hoi Chang
1997
-
60%
Regional ties have become a major source of voting behavior for the Korean polity. So, Let's see the table about the three most recent presidential elections.
1. 문제제기
87년 대선을 계기로 정치적으로 표출된 '한국사회의 지역균열'은 10 여 년이 지난 지금에도 여전히 한국정치의 중요한 변수이자 준거틀로 작용하고 있다. 아직도 각종 선거가 있으면 그 지역에 영남출신이 몇%, 호남출신이 몇%, 충청출신이 몇%라는 식으로 선거결과를 예상하고 있으며, 선
cleavage : 개인이나 집단 또는 조직 간에 갈등과 대립을 야기하거나 야기 시킬 가능성을 지닌 사회적 구분)’ 개념의 등장을 적용한 것이었다. 투표행태를 이해하기 위하여 더 근본적으로 주요 집단의 형성과 변화를 규정하는 ‘사회적 균열’이라는 사회구조적 문제점을 살펴볼 필요가 있다.
컬럼비아
7-3 Age and Political Opinions
Age gap three possible patterns.
First, on the majority of issues there are no meaningful age-group differences.
Second, on a sizable minority of issues, these older are more conservative than those younger.
Last, only a small number of issues are the young more conservative than their elders.
Why?
→ life-cycle effects and generational effects
사회균열구조의 변화
1. 사회균열구조의 이해
정당체계의 변화요인으로 사회균열구조(social cleavages structure)를 든다. 사회균열은 여러 가지 차원에서 규정될 수 있는데 가치 및 신념의 차이, 계급 차이, 문화적 차이, 심지어 신장의 대소에 따른 구분 등도 사회균열의 축이 될 수 있다. 사회균열은 대